Sunday 11 October 2015

Important Factors In The Phase I Environmental Site Assessments (ESAS)

By Della Monroe


A new development is always an exciting prospect and one which people devote large amounts of money and energy to. Whether the development is a factory or processing plant, the project is always of a substantial magnitude and so it requires extensive assessment and planning before construction can commence. Part of this preliminary activity is the environmental assessment, or Phase I Environmental Site Assessments (ESAS), which are conducted to determine whether an area is suitable for the development and what risks exist in it.

The environment needs to be taken into account and assessed. The modern attitude is that it should be recognized as deserving of respect. The opinion that pollution is insignificant or that the environment should be taken for granted is outdated and is not adhered to by modern governments or the community.

The overarching philosophy of developers should therefore be that the environment should be protected and conserved. The public and the authorities will not tolerate the approach that environmental questions can be ignored or that pollution is something that people should simply live with. In extreme cases, opposition to a development can actually lead to official sanction and termination, or at least the intervention of the authorities.

An ESAS examines a variety of environmental aspects in order to determine if the natural environment in the area demarcated for development is safe, and if not, what risks it presents to the developers. These aspects are all part of the natural environment and they relate to health, hygiene and the capacity of the site to support what the developers plan to do there.

The vegetation in the site area is one of these aspects. Plants are of interest to the assessors for two reasons. Firstly, they may be an alien species. Secondly, they may be vectors of environmental toxins or infections.

Alien species are not allowed by law and should be eradicated. This is because they do not naturally form part of the food chain or ecosystem in the area and they disrupt it. They either draw too many nutrients from the soil or they choke out other (endemic) species by using too much surface area. They also sometimes cause the soil to deteriorate, which in turn leads to erosion. Another problem with vegetation, any vegetation, is that plants draw toxins into their structures from the soil or water, which they then pass on to the animals and insects which use them as a food source. Also, there are plant diseases which are a threat to agriculture.

The water in the site area is an important indicator of the chemicals present there. Water stores many different chemicals, and poisons are no exception to this. Where the water is poisoned, plants and animals are also poisoned by using it.

The water in the area also needs to be assessed. This is an easy assessment because the water harbors the toxins that are present in the soil and plants.

All of these aspects need to be assessed in order to determine whether the environment is suitable for the proposed development. Developers should not try to pre-empt or bypass this assessment.




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